Peel and thinly slice the red onion. Use a mandoline or a sharp knife; thinner slices pickle faster.
Combine vinegar, water, sugar, and salt in a small saucepan. Add optional flavorings if using. Warm over medium heat until sugar and salt dissolve, about 2–3 minutes.
Place the sliced onions in a clean jar. Pour the warm brine over them, pressing down so onions are fully submerged.
Let the jar cool slightly, then cover and let sit at room temperature for 15–20 minutes. For milder flavor, refrigerate for an hour. Seal and refrigerate when cooled.
Keep refrigerated for 2–3 weeks. Use as needed to brighten tacos, bowls, salads, sandwiches, and more.
Notes
Swap half the vinegar for orange or pineapple juice for a sweeter, tropical note.
Rice vinegar or white wine vinegar will produce a milder-tasting pickle.
Add sliced jalapeño for heat or thin garlic slices for punch.
For longer shelf life use canning techniques and sterilized jars; otherwise refrigerated quick pickles are best.